distance from canaan to shechem

by on April 8, 2023

Times of Joshua and Judges: The spies visited Hebron and near there cut the cluster of grapes (Nu 13:22 f). Bethuel, 1 Chronicles 4:30. He escaped from the angry pursuit of Laban, from a meeting with Esau, and from the vengeance of the Canaanites provoked by the murder of Shechem; and in each of these three emergencies he was aided and strengthened by the interposition of God, and in sign of the grace won by a night of wrestling with God his name was changed at Jabbok into Israel. )-bu(-u), like Aq-bi-ili alongside of A-qa- bi-ili; all of which may be associated with the same root `aqabh, as appears in Jacob (see H. Ranke, Early Babylonian Personal Names, 1905, with annotations by Professor Hilprecht as editor, especially pp. PDF Shechem - Sychar - Bible Charts A mountain 1Sa 13:2Bethel in Smiths Bible Dictionary (the house of God) well known city and holy place of central Israel, about 12 mlles north of Jerusalem. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. The tribes were divided into two groups, each standing in front of one . That very night the Angel of the Lord wrestled with him in a dream (Gen. 32:24-32) and because Jacob strove with God and prevailed the Lord changed his name to Israel. It is nearly midway between the southern end of the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean.Beersheba in Fausset's Bible Dictionary Beersheba means "well of the oath". Ewing. How far is Haran from Canaan? - Quora A 'ziggurat' (a stepped temple platform) about 70 feet / 21 metres high, surmounted by a temple and shrine to the Akkadian moon god Sin, was built by King Ur . 3. From Mount Ebal, they shouted the curses if they disobeyed the law, and from Mount Gerizim, they shouted the blessings if they obeyed. The population is about 8000, of which about 600 are Jews; the remainder Turks and Arabs. The birthright secured to him who possessed it (1) superior rank in his family (Gen. 49:3); (2) a double portion of the paternal inheritance (Deut. Shiloh: Tabernacle Location, Joshua, Hannah's Prayer, Samuel It must have been a place of strength from antiquity. It became a Levitical city and a city of refuge (20:7; 21:11). Aharoni, Yohanan, and Micheal Avi-Yonah. The stones around the mouth are worn into grooves by the action of ropes for so many ages. 24:2), became the usual way of designating the whole Promised Land, and passed into a proverb. Bible Map: Shechem Succoth. And you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho; and the citizens of Jericho fought against you, and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Girgashite, the Hivite and the Jebusite. Jacob arrives at Shechem in c.1691BC (see Genesis 12:6-7) where he buys some land for a tomb from the sons of Hamor and sets up an altar called El Elohe Yisrael (Hebrew, meaning 'God, the God of Israel' or 'God, the God of Jacob'). After various vicissitudes it fell into the Moslems' hands in A.D. 1187, and has continued so ever since. Jud 20:18,26,31; 21:2 Authorized Version, "house of God." Oxford: Clarendon Press: 355-370 . Resolved second: That whether others do or not, I will. Joshua says that regardless of what they chose, as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.. And he said, Unto Hebron.1 Chronicles 3:4 - [These] six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years.Joshua 10:5 - Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it.Joshua 10:3 - Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,Joshua 12:10 - The king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;2 Samuel 3:32 - And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept.Exodus 6:18 - And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath [were] an hundred thirty and three years.1 Chronicles 2:42 - Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel [were], Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron.Joshua 15:13 - And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LORD to Joshua, [even] the city of Arba the father of Anak, which [city is] Hebron.Joshua 21:11 - And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which [city is] Hebron, in the hill [country] of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it.Judges 16:3 - And Samson lay till midnight, and arose at midnight, and took the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with them, bar and all, and put [them] upon his shoulders, and carried them up to the top of an hill that [is] before Hebron.2 Samuel 3:22 - And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from [pursuing] a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner [was] not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.1 Chronicles 6:57 - And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, [namely], Hebron, [the city] of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs,Joshua 20:7 - And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which [is] Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.Joshua 21:13 - Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with her suburbs, [to be] a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with her suburbs,Genesis 23:2 - And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same [is] Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.Genesis 35:27 - And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah, which [is] Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.2 Samuel 15:10 - But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron.2 Samuel 5:13 - And David took [him] more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David.2 Samuel 3:27 - And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth [rib], that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother. Shechem was viewed as a neutral Canaanite city which worshipped Ba'al-berith and not Yahweh. Shechem is also where Abraham lived, Jacob lived, Joshua rallied the nation of Israel together and gave the curses and blessings on Mt. 27:4). One of the largest oaks in Israel is found in the valley of Eshcol, about 3 miles north of the town. 3:1). Judges 9:26 Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brothers, and went over to Shechem; and the men of Shechem put their trust in him. Across the valley, musical with the sound of running water, the great bulk of Ebal rises on the North, its sides, shaggy with prickly pear, sliding down into grain fields and orchards. His bothers were envious of the preferential treatment Joseph received from Isaac. He was born with Esau, probably at the well of Lahai-roi, about B.C. A town in Asher; spelled in Hebrew differently from the former Hebron. The curb-stones around the mouth of both wells are worn into deep grooves by the action of the ropes of so many centures. The best way to get from Hebron to Shechem costs only $14 and takes just 3 hours. The worship of Jehovah and of the calves had been all along strangely blended. From Dan to Beersheba (2 Sam 17:11, etc.) After settling in Hebron, Jacob's sons (minus Joseph) traveled north to herd their flocks in Shechem. Please help us share God's truths and hope in Christ. Camels are very strong and can carry up to 900 pounds for 30 miles a day. The third resting place of Abram; Shechem was the first, Bethel the second. 102 - 141 days from . A place in Central Israel, about 10 miles north of Jerusalem, at the head of the pass of Michmash and Ai. Biblical History Patriarchal times. 1837. It is supposed by some to be the tree under which Abraham pitched his tent, and is called "Abraham's oak." During the time of the judges, Abimelech, a son of Gideon, conspired with his maternal family to kill all other sons of Gideon and have himself proclaimed king of Shechem (Judges 9:6). Abrams grandson, Jacob, came to Shechem after he returned from Padan-Aram, undoubtedly tracing the traditional same steps of his grandfather. God would later tell King David: I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, that you should be ruler over My people Israel (2 Sam. If we are to accept the precise definition of Ge 12:8 the name of Bethel would appear to have existed at this spot even before the arrival of Abram in Canaan. Here Abram built an altar to the Lord, and here God confirmed His promise to give the land to Abram. Jacob purchased a parcel of land here in Shechem and actually made for himself a dwelling place in the land of Canaan (Gen. 33:18-20). Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, 1995. Abraham saw Moriah at some little distance (Genesis 22:4) on the third day; the distance, two days' journey from Beersheba, would just bring him to Zion, but not so far as Moreh and Gerizim (Genesis 12:6) where some fix Moriah. This location, in the middle of the nation, provided the most important crossroads in central Israel. E. of this mount stands the ruin Tel er Rijmah, "the mound of the heap," answering to Ai or Hai. In his dream, the LORD renewed his covenant promise to give the land of . The series of events recalls to Isaac's mind the original name and that which gave rise to the name; so he restores both the well itself and the name. The Sanctuary: The town was originally called Luz (Gen 28:19, etc.). His mother's name also [was] Zibiah of Beersheba.Amos 8:14 - They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy god, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again.1 Chronicles 21:2 - And David said to Joab and to the rulers of the people, Go, number Israel from Beersheba even to Dan; and bring the number of them to me, that I may know [it].Genesis 21:14 - And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave [it] unto Hagar, putting [it] on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.2 Kings 12:1 - In the seventh year of Jehu Jehoash began to reign; and forty years reigned he in Jerusalem. Bible Reference & Map Description. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. 24:32). From Ur, across the Fertile Crescent and down into Canaan, the Bible mentions Shechem as the first city to which Abram came (Gen. 12:6). The other five further off. Samaria enjoyed much produce since the valleys and nearby Dothan Plain were very fertile. Joshua goes on to note, whatever good there is in us now, remember whose doing it is. Genesis 35:9 God appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Paddan Aram, and blessed him. Jacobs Travels| IBible Maps ", Judges 9:3 His mother's brothers spoke of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, "He is our brother.". Douglas, J. D., and Merrill C. Tenney, eds. with angels going up and down. According to Josh 15:13 it was so called after Arba, the father of Anak. Question: How Far Did Abraham Traveled From Haran To Canaan He was finally buried in Hebron at the family tomb, the Cave of Machpelah. In the 40th year of David's reign 2,700 of them, at Jazer in Gilead, "mighty men of valor," superintended for the king the two and a half tribes "in matters pertaining to God and the king" (1 Chronicles 26:30- 32); Jerijah was their chief. Jesus and His World: An Archaeological and Cultural Dictionary. God confirmed the covenant he had first made with Abraham in Harran, regarding the possession of the land of Canaan. 3 Even after the conquest, the wadi functioned as the border between Benjamin and Ephraim (Jos 18:12-13). Like his father, he was of a quiet and gentle disposition, and when he grew up followed the life of a shepherd, while his brother Esau became an enterprising hunter. It still exists under the same name, and is one of the most ancient cities in the world. The miles based distance from Ur to Canaan is 3461.2 miles. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. This well is still there today. Sites and Insights: Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim The nation of Israel was divided at Shechem. Then comes the most famous verse in the whole book of Joshua: And if it is disagreeable in your sight to serve the LORD, choose for yourselves today whom you will serve: whether the gods which your fathers served which were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living; but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD (24:15). 1 Peter 1:6-7 In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. The third road from Shechem led northeast along the Wadi Beidan to Tirzah, where it descended east to the Jordan Valley via the Wadi Faria. . "Jacob called the name of that place Bethel, but the name of that city was called Luz at the first" (Joshua 16:1-2). A descendant of Manasseh ( Numbers 26:31; Joshua 17:2). Paddan Aram or Padan-aram (Hebrew: , Padan rm) was a region referring to the northern plain of the former kingdom Aram-Naharaim. HEBRON is one of the most ancient cities in the world still existing, and it is in this respect the rival of Damascus. It became the central city of the Samaritans, whose shrine was built on Mt. After the death of Saul, David was here anointed king (2 Sam 5:3) and reigned here 7 1/2 years, until he captured Jerusalem and made that his capital (2 Sam 5:5); while here, six sons were born to him (2 Sam 3:2). He gave birth to twelve sons who became the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel. The Holy Land Satellite Atlas, Vol. 1Ch 15:9; 23:19 2. PDF Journeys of Abraham - 1 - Bible Charts The total straight line distance between Ur and Canaan is 5570 KM (kilometers) and 217.72 meters. Near Hebron was the cave of Machpelah, where he and Sarah were buried. It has been identified with the ruins of Beitin, a small village amid extensive ruins some 9 miles south of Shiloh. But when Abimelech went to Thebez and stormed the tower, a woman dropped an upper millstone on his head and cracked his skull (Judges 9:53). It required cisterns for water supply, which was a major drawback in times of siege. And the LORD said unto him, Go up. Ultimately, as the road passed through the Jabbok Valley, it reached the Transjordanian Highway. 3-13). What Jehovah has made one see (this hophal mowreh occurs four times in the Pentateuch, nowhere in later books) "the vision of Jehovah". Jacob purchased a parcel of a field which contained the well that he had dug there. Built seven years before Zoan in Egypt (Numbers 13:22). Shechem. When Isaac was about 160 years of age, Jacob and his mother conspired to deceive the aged patriarch (Gen. 27), with the view of procuring the transfer of the birthright to himself. In Gen 21:31 Abraham and Abimelech took an oath of witness that the former had dug the well and seven ewe lambs were offered in sacrifice, "Wherefore he called that place Beer-sheba; because there they sware both of them." Then Jacob crossed the river Jordan and settled in front of the city of Shechem, the same place where Abraham entered Canaan many years ago. Shechem is also where Abraham camped when first arriving in Canaan after God called him to enter the land of promise (Genesis 12:6). It was afterwards known as Mamre. It lay South of Shiloh (Jdg 21:19). And at Abimelechs coronation, Jotham climbed Mount Gerizim and shouted a curse on Shechem for Abimelechs sin. jacob's journey from beersheba to haran distance A city in the hill country of Judah, originally Kirjath (the city of) Arba (Joshua 15:13; Joshua 14:15). The traditional site of Jacob's well cannot be located by finding Sychar, as that city is no longer in existence. Abram traveled from Ur to Haran with his father Terah and settled there (Genesis 11:31). Judges 9:18 and you have risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, seventy persons, on one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his female servant, king over the men of Shechem, because he is your brother); Judges 9:20 but if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech.". Then I brought you into the land of the Amorites who lived beyond the Jordan, and they fought with you; and I gave them into your hand, and you took possession of their land when I destroyed them before you. After Abram's father Terah died in Haran, God appeared to him again with the same calling: "Go unto the land I will show you.". He found Canaan ites living there. 20 There he erected an altar and called it El-Elohe . Shechem - Bible History And I think the principle should also apply even to those who grew up under parents who did a good jobparents who taught about Jesus and how He died for our sins. The survival rate of the newborn calves was 50%. 1Ki 16:34 3. The ancient city may have lain somewhat farther East than the modern Nablus, in which the Roman name Neapolis survives. Joshua called the nation to Shechem because significant things occurred there before. Eusebius, in Onomasticon, here identifies Shechem with Shalem; but see SHALEM. It is found about forty times in the Old. Apparently there were Israelites in it after the captivity, some of whom on their way to the house of the Lord at Jerusalem met a tragic fate at the hands of Ishmael ben Nethaniah (Jeremiah 41:5). Of course, from a historian's point of view, it is more likely that Abraham did not really exist. By Amos (5:5) it is classed with Bethel and Gilgal as one of the rival shrines to the pure worship of Yahweh, and in another place (8:14) he writes "They shall fall, and never rise up again," who sware, "As the way (i.e. Still farther to the East and near the base of Ebal is the traditional tomb of Joseph, a little white-domed building beside a luxuriant orchard. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. Shechem itself became a city of refuge and was given to the . After the Israelites blazed a safe trail to central Canaan by defeating Jericho and Ai, they immediately went 34 km north to convene a covenant ceremony in the area of Shechem (Josh 8:30-35). Son of Kohath Ex 6:18; Nu 3:19; 1Ch 6:2,18; 23:12,19Hebron in Smiths Bible Dictionary (alliance). The fruitful and well-wooded valley winds westward among the hills. Trace any civilization back to its origin, and geography takes center stage. For a spiritual lesson from Shechems history, we look back at Joshuas challenge to the nation in Joshua 24. Thus Shechem often found itself in major events in the Biblical narrative. Jacob's Journey to Egypt - Apologetics Press Twenty Roman miles S. of Jerusalem, and twenty N. of Beersheba. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989. We still need to choose for ourselves. As Wood suggests, the military outpost there, visible . You can also find the distance from hebron israel to shechem Israel using other travel options like bus, subway, tram, train and rail. Under Ahab the Baal worship at Samaria and Jezreel drew off attention from the calf worship at Bethel. of Zion. Under the Romans it became Flavia Neapolis. Through the storms of life, O God, you are with your people in the person of Jesus your Son. Peniel. First Joshua says: the gods which your fathers served which were beyond the River. You can choose to follow the perhaps bad example of your parents and make the same mistakes they have made by being loyal to the things they were loyal to. Jacob left Hebron and set out for Egypt. The distance between Hebron and Shechem is 78 km. Driving Distance Calculator and Driving Directions Israel 3. His history is related in the latter half of the book of Genesis. As discussed earlier, in addition to this crucial north-south road, another road also went northwest to the International Highway, and still another went east towards the Transjordanian Highway. The naming of Bethel Jacob repeated more publicly on his return home, 20 years later, with his family purified of idols, when God again appeared to him, and confirmed his change of name to Israel (Genesis 35:1-15; Genesis 32:28). While Jacob was in Haran he married Leah and Rachel and the Lord was with him and blessed him with great riches (Gen. 29:1-30: 43). According to Acts they were all buried at Shechem in the tomb that Abraham had bought from the sons of Hamor. 03) In a straight line from Shechem, to Bethel, to Egypt it is about 254 miles (409 Km). Remember how you yourselves shouted the blessings and the curses in this spot? Ur developed during the reign of the Sumerian kings (c.3000 - 2300BC) and had been a major city for hundreds of years when Abram was born. A later king of Israel, Omri, chose Samaria as his capital because it was easy to defend. When Abram entered Canaan he formed his second encampment between Bethel and Hai (Gen. 12:8); and on his return from Egypt he came back to it, and again "called upon the name of the Lord" (13:4). By the time Jesus spoke to the Samaritan woman at Jacobs well, near Shechem, the racial hatred between Jews and Samaritans was paramount. Laban was angry when he heard that Jacob had set out on his journey, and pursued after him, overtaking him in seven days. Over the cave is now the mosque El Haran, from which all but Muslims are excluded jealously (though the Prince of Wales was admitted), and in which probably lie the remains of Abraham and Isaac, and possibly Jacob's embalmed body, brought up in state from Egypt (Genesis 50:13). Two million Jews would gather at Shiloh on the main festivals and would camp on the surrounding hills. Shechem (Nablus) - Jewish Virtual Library 1. Genesis 37:12 His brothers went to feed their father's flock in Shechem. It was ordered by God that the votaries of the calf worship at Bethel never dared to violate the sepulchre and title of the prophet who denounced their idol. The Bible speaks of the importance of having a personal relationship with Christ, not a surrogate relationship through our parents, peers, or pastor. 1. shoulder. Rasmussem, Carl G. Zondervan NIV Atlas of the Bible. Jacob and his sons were offered a home in the land of Goshen (Gen. 46:1-5). This location is quite a distance from Seir, in Edom, which is where Jacob's twin brother, Esau, currently lives (Genesis 32:3). The two principal wells are on or close to the northern bank of the Wady es-Seba. Shechem was captured by John Hyrcanus in 132 B.C. "Shechem," D. Winton Thomas, ed. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Ur and Canaan may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road . And to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau, and to Esau I gave Mount Seir, to possess it; but Jacob and his sons went down to Egypt. An unnamed stranger directs Joseph to Dothan, about 15 . How many miles did Abraham travel from Haran to Canaan? Location and Physical Features:There is no doubt as to the situation of ancient Shechem. Bethel remained an abode of priests even after the kingdom of Israel was desolated by the king of Assyria (2 Kings 17:28, 29). We have to take a personal ownership and responsibility with our relationship with God. Probably because of its ease of access in a time of possible flight, a manslayer could take refuge from his avenger in Shechem, one of the three cities of refuge on the west side of the Jordan (Josh. Abraham -- From Haran to Canaan Reasons for Hope* Jesus The road was thus forced to pass through the city located in the valley between these two mountains. Near the city the Law was promulgated (Deuteronomy 27:11 Joshua 8:33). While Jacobs family lived in Shechem, Jacobs daughter, Dinah, was raped by a man named Shechem, the son of the ruler, Hamor. Judges 9:57 and all the wickedness of the men of Shechem did God requite on their heads: and on them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal. 3. But "Hebron would appear to have been the original name of the city, and it was not till after Abraham's stay there that it received the name Kirjath-arba, who [i.e., Arba] was not the founder but the conqueror of the city, having led thither the tribe of the Anakim, to which he belonged. how far is it from Hebron to Dothan - The Notes are Good Jacob and his mother deceived his father Isaac into blessing Jacob and he fled eastward. Indeed it is not named again in the history of the monarchy. Jehovah testified His acceptance of David's sacrifice there by sending down fire to consume it (Leviticus 9:24; 1 Kings 18:24; 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Chronicles 7:1). The well dug by Abraham and secured to him by oath had been covered and lost. Samaria became significant in Shechems history because the people who later worshipped on Mount Gerizim came to be known as Samaritans (named after the capital Omri had chosen). The ruins, covering three or four acres, still bear a like name, Beitin, on a low bill, between two wadies, which unite in the main valley of es-Suweinit, toward the S.E. "Seven wells" is improbable on etymological grounds; the numeral should in that case be first. - Ancient GeographyHebron in Easton's Bible Dictionary a community; alliance. (a) In Babylonian documents of the period of the Patriarchs, there occur such personal names as Ja-ku-bi, Ja-ku-ub-ilu (the former doubtless an abbreviation of the latter), and Aq-bu-u (compare Aq-bi-a-hu), according to Hilprecht a syncopated form for A-qu(? At the western end is another, 85 ft. long by 55 broad. It was one of Samuel's towns of circuit for judging (1 Samuel 7:16). Well known at Abram's entrance into Canaan, 3,780 years ago (Genesis 42:18). 5:5); and here he was anointed as king over all Israel (2 Sam. Joseph Goes to Dothan | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Jacob's Burial. A tradition which first appears in a definite shape in Josephus, and is now almost universally accepted, asserts that the "Mount Moriah" of the Chronicles is identical with the "mountain" in "the land of Moriah" of Genesis, and that the spot on which Jehovah appeared to David, and on which the temple was built, was the very spot of the sacrifice of Isaac.Mount Moriah Scripture - 2 Chronicles 3:1 Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in mount Moriah, where [the LORD] appeared unto David his father, in the place that David had prepared in the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. In the neighboring minaret is a stone whereon the Ten Commandments are engraved in Samaritan characters.

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