All serious issues that Palestine sought to discuss, such as elections and representation in the Israeli government, were delegated to Egypt for decisions to be made. Baker became chairman of Bush's Senate campaign in Harris County. In June 2004 he resigned from this position, frustrated over the lack of progress in reaching a complete settlement acceptable to both the government of Morocco and the pro-independence Polisario Front. [47], Baker serves on the Honorary Council of Advisers for the U.S.-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce. But did Baker ever actually say it? Baker is the son of former Secretary of State, James Baker. From his combat service during World War II until his time at the highest levels in American political leadership, he spent his career trying to make our country the very best it could be," said Secretary Baker. James D. Baker Jr., 68, of Toledo, passed away Thursday, February 28, 2013, at Heartland of Waterville. In 1982, conservative activists Howard Phillips, founder of The Conservative Caucus and Clymer Wright of Houston joined in an unsuccessful effort to convince Reagan to dismiss Baker as Chief of Staff. [37] He left behind the Baker II plan, accepted as a suitable basis of negotiations by the Polisario and unanimously endorsed by the Security Council, but rejected by Morocco.[38]. James A. Baker, III, has served in senior government positions under three United States presidents. The authors explain that as the quote spread, it would be repeated by others without the brackets, shortened to Fuck the Jews, an even cruder version than Koch originally alleged., The real story behind the inflammatory comment, the authors write, stemmed from Bakers long-running feud with [Housing Secretary] Jack Kemp, who had told Koch about the episode. with honors in 1957 and practiced law with the Houston firm of Andrews and Kurth from 1957 to 1975. U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III, right, and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir conferring following meetings at the Prime Minister's office in Jerusalem, September 17, 1991. Credit: AP Amir Tibon Follow Sep 29, 2020 It's a quote that has haunted former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker for almost three decades. After the campaign, he served in various positions for President Richard Nixon. Baker III and the late Bush enjoyed a close 60-year friendship forged on the tennis courts. Screw them, they dont vote for us, Baker recalled replying. [45] On October 9, 2006, the Washington Post quoted co-chairman Baker as saying "our commission believes that there are alternatives between the stated alternatives, the ones that are out there in the political debate, of 'stay the course' and 'cut and run'". Secretary of State James Baker warned publicly, I will recommend to the President that the United States make no further contributions, voluntary or assessed, to any international organization which makes any changes in the PLO's status as an observer organization.". Baker helped to construct the 34-nation alliance that fought alongside the United States in the Gulf War. Baker has a sister, Bonner Baker Moffitt. One thing that becomes clear while reading Baker and Glassers book is how much the Republican Partys stances on Israel and the Middle East have changed since the days of James Baker. BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: The New York Times The Washington Post Fortune BloombergFrom two of America's most revered political journalists comes the definitive biography of legendary White House chief of staff and secretary of state James A. Baker III: the man who ran Washington when Washington ran the world.For a quarter-century, from the end of Watergate to the aftermath of the Cold . [15], In 1985, Reagan named Baker as United States Secretary of the Treasury, in a job-swap with then-Secretary Donald Regan, a former Merrill Lynch officer who became chief of staff. Baker is the namesake of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University.[2]. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Baker is Senior Counselor for the Carlyle Group, and the bin Ladens are among its major investors. He served as a United Nations envoy to Western Sahara and as a consultant to Enron. Bakers shuttle diplomacy, and his willingness to enter into heated political fights with Israels supporters in Washington, eventually led to the convening of the Madrid Conference in 1991 an important breakthrough in the peace process and one of the greatest foreign policy achievements of the George H.W. Nov. 29, 2021. He resigned his post as secretary of state in 1992 in order to serve as White House chief of staff while simultaneously directing Bushs unsuccessful reelection campaign. Gerald Ford in 1975, and that same year he helped Ford secure the Republican Partys presidential nomination for the 1976 election. "Profiles: The Tactician". En effet, avec 200 milliards de dollars de dettes. The following year, he was selected as Gulf Coast Regional Chairman for the Richard Nixon presidential campaign. James Baker serves as an Honorary Co-Chair for the World Justice Project. They have six sons and two daughters, and 18 . [4] His grandfather was attorney and banker Captain James A. Baker, and his great-grandfather was jurist and politician Judge James A. Baker. "No world leader has a bigger place in the history of the late 20th century than Mikhail Gorbachev, for the pivotal role he played in the peaceful end of the Cold War," wrote former Secretary of State James A. Baker, III, in an op-ed. She passed away of breast cancer in February. [42] Bush would appoint another G. H. W. Bush Administration veteran, Robert Gates, instead, after the 2006 midterm elections. President George H.W. Israel, a country Baker visited countless times during his four years as President George H.W. As Treasury Secretary, he arranged the Plaza Accord and the Baker Plan. Read more at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 6100 Main Street Who is James Baker? The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity. Haaretz.com, the online English edition of Haaretz Newspaper in Israel, gives you breaking news, analyses and opinions about Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish World. Bush. Baker has a sister, Bonner Baker Moffitt. [26], More tensions rose in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict with a massive influx of Jewish people from the Soviet Union moved to Israel. Through the internships on campus and beyond, Rice students can explore careers in public policy, or simply become better informed about important issues of the day. He was previously married to Mary Stuart McHenry. High-Powered D.C. Peter Baker told Haaretz that the secretary of state tried to explain at the time that he didnt actually say Fuck the Jews, but it got little traction and at some point he decided it was just better to move on. He has been married to Susan Garrett Winston since 1973. Writing about Mr. Baker years later,. A representative for the elder Baker at his law firm said family members were unreachable as they made funeral preparations yesterday evening in Virginia. Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life Hardcover - October 5, 2006 by James Baker III (Author) 87 ratings Kindle $14.99 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $24.42 65 Used from $1.45 8 New from $19.90 2 Collectible from $29.96 Paperback Bush and Baker saw the comment as a commitment from Shamir not to expand settlements, whereas the Israeli premier meant the exact opposite: that he would continue to build in the occupied territories, because such building shouldnt pose a problem in his view. Secretary Bakers position used to be fairly standard among Republicans, but the party, led especially by President Trump, has moved away from him to the point where loyalty to Israel is seen as a litmus test.. Baker is considered to have had a high degree of influence over the first Reagan administration, particularly in domestic policy. Reagan rebuked Phillips and Wright for having waged a "campaign of sabotage" against Baker.[16]. Former secretary of state James Baker considered voting for Joe Biden in November but will instead keep backing Donald Trump, a new biography reveals, in the process outlining a key reason for. Israeli leaders initially thought that Baker had a poor grasp of Middle Eastern issues a perception exacerbated by his use of the term "Greater Israel" and viewed Israel as a "problem for the United States" according to Moshe Arens. James Addison Baker, III born on: 28 April 1930 at 07:31 (= 07:31 AM ) Place: Houston, Texas, 29n46, 95w22 : Timezone: CST h6w (is standard time) Data source: BC/BR in hand: Rodden Rating AA: . Browse 964 james a. baker iii stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. On September 11, 2001, Baker watched television coverage of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon from the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Washington DC, where Baker and representatives of Osama bin Laden's family were among those attending the annual conference for the Carlyle Group. Bush. James Baker's son, Robert III, was the ancestor of the Hancock Co. Bakers. Thomas James Baker, Jr. was born to Thomas James Baker Sr. and Frankie Pauline Anderson on July 12, 1926 and passed peacefully from this life on June 9th, 2020. He was named under secretary of commerce by Pres. Well, AIPAC wont like that, someone said. Former Secretary of State James Baker III gives a eulogy during the funeral for former President George H.W. James A. Baker III a t nomm par le prsident Bush, le 5 dcembre 2003, comme reprsentant spcial charg de rengocier la dette irakienne. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 10th White House Chief of Staff and 67th United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Ronald Reagan and the 61st U.S. Secretary of State before returning as the 16th White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush. By Peter Baker and Susan Glasser. James Baker, in full James Addison Baker III, (born April 28, 1930, Houston, Texas, U.S.), American government official, political manager, and lawyer who occupied important posts in the Republican presidential administrations of the 1980s and early 90s, including that of U.S. secretary of state (198992). Baker's first wife, the former Mary Stuart McHenry, was active in the Republican Party, working on the congressional campaigns of George H. W. Bush. [12] Baker resigned to serve as campaign manager of Ford's unsuccessful 1976 election campaign. [31] However, despite having run two winning campaigns for Ronald Reagan and one for Bush, Baker was unsuccessful in the second campaign for Bush, who lost to Clinton by 370 electoral votes to 168.[32]. Age: 79. Baker, no relation, is the co-author of "The Man Who Ran Washington: the Life and Times of James Baker III." He wrote the book with his wife, "New Yorker" correspondent Susan Glasser.. United States Under Secretary of Commerce, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration, Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, Learn how and when to remove this template message, James A. Baker III Institute of Public Policy, Virginia Graeme Baker Pool And Spa Safety Act, "Biographies of the Secretaries of State: James Addison Baker III", City of Houston: Procedures for Historic District Designation, "James A. Baker III Papers, 1957-2011, bulk 1972/1992", "Pittsburgh Businessman Ford Treasury Nominee", "President Ford Wednesday Nominated Edward O. Vetter of Dallas, Tex., to be undersecretary of commerce", "James Baker: President Maker [documentary]", "Phil Gailey and Warren Weaver, Jr., "Briefing", "National Winners | public service awards | Jefferson Awards.org", "Russia, Ukraine and the doomed 30-year quest for a post-Soviet order", James Baker: The Man Who Made Washington Work, "How to Block the Palestine Statehood Ploy", "Splitting the Difference: The Palestinian-Israeli Policy of James Baker", "AFTER THE WAR: DIPLOMACY; Baker and Syrian Chief Call Time Ripe for Peace Effort", "Baker resigns as UN mediator after seven years", "Baker surfaces as key adviser to Bush on Iraq", "Bush appoints Baker envoy on Iraqi debt", "U.S. and Iraqi Forces Clash With Sadr Militia in South", "The Private Trump Angst of a Republican Icon", "The Conservative Case for Carbon Dividends", "Guide to the Baker Family papers, 1853-1971 MS 040", "Former Secretary of state pushes for hot tub safety standards", "Former Secretary of State James Baker speaks in support of legislation intended to prevent accidental drowning", "Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act", During lockdown, comics Rosebud Baker and Andy Haynes have gotten sick and engaged, plus hosted a surreal podcast, "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement", "Gen. Colin L. Powell Biography and Interview", James Addison Baker Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University, James A. Baker III Oral History Collection at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University. After the Gulf War, Baker served another stint as White House Chief of Staff from 1992 to 1993. Baker helped to construct the 34-nation alliance that fought alongside the United States in the Gulf War. After calming down a bit, he settled for declaring Netanyahu persona non grata, barring him from even entering the doors of the State Department. Despite pleas from his Middle East adviser, Dennis Ross, Baker refused to change the decision. James Addison Baker III was born in Houston at 1216 Bissonnet St.,[3] the son of James A. Baker Jr. (18921973) and Ethel Bonner (ne Means) Baker (August 6, 1894 April 26, 1991). "It was cleaned and inspected the day before the party.". [46] During a 2016 memorial service for Nancy Reagan, he commented to former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney that he believed there were parallels between the rise of Trump and the rise of Reagan. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, James Addison BAKER, Ethel "Bonner" BAKER (born MEANS), Apr 28 1930 - Houston, Harris, Texas 77251, USA, James Addison Baker, Ethel Bonner Baker (born Means), Baker, Baker, Baker, Baker, 1940 - 1216 Bissonet, Houston, J P 1, Harris, Texas, USA, James Addison Baker, Bonner Baker (born Means), Mary Stuart McHenry, Susan Garrett Winston, James Addison Baker Jr., Ethel Bonner Jr. (born Means), 1216 Bissonnet, Houston, Harris, Texas, United States. In 1978, Baker ran unsuccessfully to become Attorney General of Texas, losing to future Governor Mark White. He has said that to be an honest broker means the United States should not be perceived as too one-sided. Corrections? Baker has a sister, Bonner Baker Moffitt. Ron Sachs/CNP for NY Post After leaving the FBI, Twitter seemed eager to hire Baker. Baker also served on Reagan's National Security Council, and remained Treasury Secretary until 1988, during which time he also served as campaign chairman for George H. W. Bush's successful presidential bid. But James Baker III, the Houston lawyer who rode shotgun for Jerry Ford, George Bush, and Ronald Reagan in their presidential campaigns, plans to keep a low profile in the White House. As Secretary of State, he helped oversee U.S. foreign policy during the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union, as well as during the Gulf War. Bakers grandson, was born in 1930 to the wealthy Baker family and attended Princeton University. [51] In 2017, this group of "Republican elder statesmen" proposed that conservatives embrace a fee and dividend form of carbon tax (in which all revenue generated by the tax is rebated to the populace in the form of lump-sum dividends), as a policy to deal with anthropogenic climate change. by Peter Dreier. Kemp, for his part, told them that Bakers sentiment got mischaracterized by Koch and others as being anti-Israel. Reagan appointed Baker as his White House Chief of Staff, and Baker remained in that position until 1985, when he became the Secretary of the Treasury. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. James Addison Baker was born in Houston, Texas at 1216 Bissonnet, to James A. Baker, Jr. (1892-1973) and Ethel Bonner (born Means) Baker (August 6, 1894 - April 26, 1991). Strengthening the binational relationship by addressing major concerns on both sides of the border. U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III, right, and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir conferring following meetings at the Prime Minister's office in Jerusalem, September 17, 1991. He is also the honorary chair of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Baker blocked the recognition of Palestine by threatening to cut funding to agencies in the United Nations. He is the honorary chairman of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University and serves on the board of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The event, sponsored by the James Baker . Baker, however, was happy with the reception, The tension between the two governments became a full-blown crisis a year later in 1990 when, as described in the book, a deputy foreign minister named Benjamin Netanyahu openly assailed the United States for being too gullible in its dealings with the Palestinians., Netanyahu, then in his early 40s and a rising star in Likud, said in remarks to the media: It is astonishing that a superpower like the United States, which was supposed to be the symbol of political fairness and international honesty, is building its policy on a foundation of distortion and lies.. On March 15, 2006, Congress announced the formation of the Iraq Study Group, a high-level panel of prominent former officials charged by members of Congress with taking a fresh look at America's policy on Iraq. [26], The 1992 election was complicated by the on-again-off-again candidacy of Ross Perot, who would end up taking 19% of the popular vote. The couple met while on in Bermuda for spring break. In the Trump-led Republican Party of 2020, that position is shared by very few. Bush, left, and former Secretary of State James A. Baker III talking about the Gulf War and liberation of Kuwait, during an interview January 18, 2011, in Houston. Bakerwho served on George W. Bush's Homeland Security Councilis the son of James Baker, who for more than a decade was one of the most powerful people in Washington, serving from 1981 to. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[17]. Many of Baker's concerns proved correct, and the project became a key factor in the company's downfall. What are James Bakers views on the future of international collaboration? [48][49], Baker also serves as an honorary director on the board of directors at the Atlantic Council.[50]. In 1973 and 1974, in the wake of the Nixon Administration's implosion over Watergate, Baker returned to full-time law practice at Andrews & Kurth.[9][10]. Baker managed Reagan's 1984 re-election campaign in which Reagan polled a record 525 electoral votes total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8 percent of the popular vote to Walter Mondale's 40.6 percent. The former secretary of state, they write, insisted the story was distorted at best. Baker's record of public service began in 1975 as under secretary of commerce to President Gerald Ford. James Baker Oral History at Houston Oral History Project, November 20, 2007. At one level it narrowly focuses both on verbal commitments made by the US secretary of state James Baker under President George HW Bush and the terms of a treaty signed on 12 September 1990 . Several people who were at the party then tried to revive the girl, who was taken by helicopter to Inova Fairfax Hospital and pronounced dead. James A. Baker, III entered the world in 1930 as the son, grandson, and great-grandson of distinguished lawyers all named James A. Baker,2 who each made a good living working at the Baker Botts law firm (formed by Baker's great-grandfather) in Houston. Reagan rejected the Phillips-Wright request. George Herbert Walker Bush then encouraged Baker to become active in politics to help deal with the grief of his wife's death, something that George Herbert Walker Bush himself had done when his daughter, Pauline Robinson Bush (19491953), died of leukemia. Baker married his first wife Mary Stuart McHenry in 1953. [58] Another granddaughter is Rosebud Baker, a stand-up comedian.[59]. The Man Who Ran Washington: The Life and Times of James A. Baker III. [54] Mary Stuart Baker (Mary Stuart was her full first name) died of breast cancer in February 1970. Israeli officials and public were highly offended due to the tone of his speech, though his address called for little more than his predecessors. On January 9, 1991, during the Geneva Peace Conference with Tariq Aziz in Geneva, Baker declared that "If there is any user of (chemical or biological weapons), our objectives won't just be the liberation of Kuwait, but the elimination of the current Iraqi regime." Baker later acknowledged that the intent of this statement was to threaten a retaliatory nuclear strike on Iraq, and the Iraqis received his message. Long active in American presidential politics, Baker led presidential campaigns for Presidents Ford, Reagan and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections from 1976 to 1992. James Addison Baker, III, was born April 28, 1930, into a wealthy Houston, Texas, family. In 1993 Baker became the founding chair of the James A. Baker III Institute of Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Heather Paul, executive director of the National Safe Kids Coalition, said the accident should make people aware of the dangers posed by whirlpools and other home recreational pools. George Kennan, James Baker, Senator Edward Kennedy, Senator Sam Nunn, and Thomas Friedman, among others, all warned in the 1990s of a new Cold War if NATO was expanded without including Russia. Baker was interviewed during the making of the film, and British actor Tom Wilkinson portrayed him in it. Bakers Historic Contributions, Statement: Secretary Baker on the Death of Bob Dole. In this telling, the target of his ire was an interest group, not Jews as a whole. Around 1983 Baker became heavily dispirited and tired due to the weight of his job; he attempted to become National Security Advisor, a change to which Reagan initially agreed, but some of Reagan's other advisers dissuaded him from naming Baker to the position. In 1991 Baker was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. His father was a partner of Houston law firm Baker Botts. Reagan rebuked Phillips and Wright for having waged a "campaign of sabotage" against Baker. James A. Baker III., Capt. In 1973, Baker and Susan Garrett Winston, a close friend of Mary Stuart's, were married. American lawyer and statesman (born 1930), This article is about the politician. In August 1975, he was appointed Under Secretary of Commerce by President Gerald Ford, succeeding John K. [33] During his time at Enron, Baker tried to warn against the company's involvement with the Dabhol Power Station in India. In March 1997, Baker became the Personal Envoy of the UN Secretary-General for Western Sahara. James A. Baker III Monument 400 Texas St. Houston, TX 77002 Find Parking The City of Houston named a small portion of Sesquicentennial Park Baker Common that includes a statue of James A. Baker III, as well as plaques commemorating the families contributions to the city. . More below about Doug Baker's appointment by Bush in Nov 2001. Journalism power-couple Susan Glasser, a staff writer at the New Yorker, and Peter Baker, the New York Times' chief White House correspondent, have cowritten The Man Who Ran Washington, a biography of former Secretary of State and White House chief of staff James A. Baker III, arguably the 20th century's savviest DC power player.. Baker played a role in nearly every major event near the . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Neither Koch nor Safire named a source, but the former mayor later acknowledged in a book that Kemp was the one who tipped him off., Peter Baker and Susan Glasser interviewed both Kemp and James Baker about the episode. He remained in the Marine Corps Reserve until 1958, and rose to the rank of captain. A 2008 film Recount covers the days following the controversial election. They claimed that Baker, a former Democrat and a Bush political intimate, was undermining conservative initiatives in the administration. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [26] In the meantime, Baker also tried to negotiate with the Syrian President Hafez al-Assad, in order to achieve a lasting peace between Israel and Syria. 15 of 23 16 of 23 James Baker III speaks to King Abdullah II of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Thursday afternoon during an appearance at Rice University. [6], From 1957 to 1975, he practiced law at Andrews & Kurth after the anti-nepotism policy of his family firm, Baker Botts, prevented him from receiving a job there.[7][8]. Honorary Chair, Baker Institute for Public Policy, A bronze bust of former Secretary of State James A. Baker, III that will be part of the permanent collection of the National Museum of American Diplomacy was recently unveiled in Washington, D.C. Baker served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush. His son James A. Baker Jr. was called Captain Baker for his time in the Houston Light Guards, a uniformed company of the state's National Guard formed by Confederate veterans after. In this candid, revealing account, Baker uses his unique perspective to take us inside those events and the personalities involved in them: the collapse of Communism, the Berlin Wall, and the. Andrew Baker, a chaplain during the Rev. Reached at their McLean home yesterday, the Baker family declined to comment. When Bush was elected, he only received 29% of Jewish voters' support, and his reelection was thought to be imminent, so there was little pressure on the administration to make bold moves in diplomatic relations with Israel. Baker served as Fords campaign manager that year and went on to direct Bushs campaign for the presidential nomination in the Republican primaries of 1980. In this November 21, 1990 file photo, Secretary of State James Baker is seen whispering to National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft during a press conference by President George H. W. Bush. He left The Post in December 2020. "But the drains have great power, and there are cases where adults have been held down and drowned because of them. He graduated from Princeton University in 1952. Exploring how religion and cultural factors interact with public policy issues. 's Baker Hints Iraq Plan Needs Change". Indeed, Baker's family was so well off that his doting. Secretary Baker would tell you that hes a strong supporter of Israel and that he thinks America should remain its indispensable ally, Peter Baker told Haaretz on Monday. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991. Delegate hunter, campaign manager, White House chief of staff, treasury secretary, and secretary of state, James Addison Baker III played a leading role in some of the most critical junctures in modern American history. But the report about his comments had such resonance because his policies were perceived to be skeptical of Israel.. In the mid-2000s Baker was active on a number of government investigative committees; he served as cochair of both the Federal Commission on Election Reform (with former president Jimmy Carter) and the Iraq Study Group (with former U.S. congressman Lee Hamilton). He earned a Bachelor of Laws (1957) from the University of Texas School of Law and began to practice law in Texas. His wife, Susan, listens at right. After Bush accepted the vice presidential slot on a ticket headed by Ronald Reagan that year, Baker joined Reagans campaign staff as a senior adviser. Reach out to the Palestinians as neighbors who deserve political rights. Bakers use of the term Greater Israel and his insistence on criticizing both sides of the conflict, not just the Palestinians, was received negatively by AIPACs leadership. Shultz. James Baker III, who served as chief of staff to former Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. For a quarter century, every Republican president relied on Baker to manage his campaign, his White House, his world. It concluded with his service as White House chief of staff and senior counselor to President Bush from August 1992 to January 1993. While serving as Treasury Secretary, Baker organized the Plaza Accord of September 1985 and the Baker Plan to target international debt. Baker was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991. He called for Israel to "lay aside once and for all, the unrealistic vision of a greater Israel", cease the construction of Israeli settlements in West Bank and Gaza, forswear annexation of more territory, and to treat Palestinians "as neighbors who deserve political rights". But their policy regarding Israel would have been completely rejected by todays Republican Party, which has moved to the right on issues like settlements, Palestinian statehood and Israeli control of East Jerusalem. His son, James A. Baker, Jr., served in World War II, became a lawyer in the family firm and continued the Baker commitment to Rice. Born in Houston, Baker attended The Hill School and Princeton University before serving in the United States Marine Corps. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Former President George H.W. Baker was born in Houston, Texas, in 1930.
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