does hashimoto's make you immunocompromised

by on April 8, 2023

Required fields are marked *. Everyone should continue to practice the recommended hand hygiene and social distancing recommendations to avoid COVID-19 infection. Is it safe to get a vaccine if you have a weakened immune system? (2020). Melmed S, et al. If you have questions about a condition not included on this list, talk to your healthcare provider about how best to manage your condition and protect yourself from COVID-19. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Being immunocompromised can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 or be sick for a longer period of time. Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down?. People who are immunosuppressed (or immunocompromised) have immune systems that are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, including COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by coronavirus. Some things that may help you improve your immunity if youre immunocompromised include: Consult with a doctor to determine which steps you can safely take to potentially improve your immunity. But while some studies suggest that adding T3 to T4 may help weight loss, it is not a skinny pill, says Dr. Kellis. 15 mg in one study), but it can still occur. This is expected considering that upwards of 50% of subacute thyroiditis patients show signs of overt thyrotoxicosis. Policy. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. WebStress, which can be emotional or physical in nature, has been considered to be the primary factor associated with flare ups of Hashimotos thyroiditis. This is true even for people who are living with a thyroid autoimmune disease. Sometimes, when youre first diagnosed with Hashimotos, you can still produce some thyroid hormone, she notes. Jaimies work has appeared in a wide variety of publications including The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, Newsweek, Business Insider, New York Magazine, Marie Claire, Glamour and O, The Oprah Magazine. This year, January also happens to mark the one-year anniversary of COVID-19s emergence in China. Signs and symptoms of primary immunodeficiency can include: Frequent and recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections, meningitis or skin infections Inflammation and infection of internal organs Blood disorders, such as low platelet count or anemia Digestive problems, such as cramping, loss of appetite, nausea and There is also an atypical variant of subacute thyroiditis that does not cause pain, but has similar thyroid dysfunction. Immunoglobulins and Immunoglobulin Blood Tests: Function and Purpose, frequent colds or not recovering from a cold after 7 to 10 days, gastrointestinal issues like chronic diarrhea, whether youve had an allergic reaction after being exposed to an ingredient in a vaccine, whether youve had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of the vaccine, if youre pregnant, whether the vaccine is safe for those who are pregnant, whether there are known interactions with medications youre currently taking, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. The thyroid gland may produce too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). This means that a person with one or more of these conditions who gets very sick from COVID-19 (has severe illness from COVID-19) is more likely to: Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccines and taking COVID-19 prevention actionsare important. Everything You Need to Know About Cockayne Syndrome, VEXAS Syndrome: What to Know About This Newly Identified Autoimmune Disease. But you wont need to steer clear of cruciferous vegetables or soy both nutrition powerhouses. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on immunological parameters in the elderly aged: can physical activity counteract the effects of aging?. This is true even if there is spread of the thyroid cancer to local lymph nodes in the neck. Some people are immunocompromised or have a weakened immune system because of a medical condition or a treatment for a condition. "Fear the Worst:" Immunocompromise During a Pandemic, "I'm staying at home. Symptoms may include an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), tiredness, weight gain, and muscle weakness. What causes the immune system to attack thyroid cells is not clear. This is not as easy a task as one might think. A person can become immunocompromised in four major ways: through a congenital disorder; through acquired conditions such as diabetes and HIV; through autoimmune diseases; and through certain medications and treatments. What causes the immune system to attack thyroid cells is not clear. Many patients with Hashimotos complain of weight gain, fatigue and brain fog, says Dr. Kellis. "Some people require for various illnesses, chronic steroids, and if the steroids are high dose, that will also suppress the immune system." How Much Sleep Do Adults Really Need?. Being immunocompromised can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 or be sick for a longer period of time. Family history plays a big role.. Getting plenty of exercise is essential to overall health and it may help immune system cells move through the body more efficiently. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health privacy practices. Being physically active is important to being healthy. If youre still fatigued after thyroid hormone levels are optimized, your endocrinologist will look for other causes. To receive email updates about COVID-19, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Butler M, et al. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) generally states that people who are undergoing cancer treatment meet the definition of being immunocompromised. A person can become immunocompromised in four major ways: through a congenital disorder; through acquired conditions such as diabetes and HIV; through autoimmune diseases; and through certain medications and treatments. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. I am going to share with you my interpretation of these data. Some signs that you may be immunocompromised include: Many factors can impact your immune system, including environmental factors and your behavior. Is it safe to delay thyroid surgery because of the COVID 19 pandemic. Strategies for Supporting Your Body's Defenses. Can people who are immunocompromised do anything to improve their immunity? American Thyroid Association. However, in order to maintain social distancing and limit exposure to COVID-19, patients should consider obtaining a 90-day supply of prescriptions or receiving their thyroid medications through a mail-order service instead of picking them up at the local pharmacy. Many people are never told they have Hashimotos, says Dr. Kellis. More information is available, Travel requirements to enter the United States are changing, starting November 8, 2021. People who do little or no physical activity are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 than those who are physically active. This is not a formal meta-analysis or even a formal literature review. If you used to smoke, dont start again. Talk with your healthcare provider about wearing a mask in a medium COVID-19 Community Level. Because the immune response following COVID-19 vaccination may differ in people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised, specific guidance has been developed. Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. Review/update the 2011;31(1):133-40. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.013, Bordoni A, Denesi F, Dardevet D, et al. With the exception of case reports of subacute thyroiditis, most of these studies are almost exclusively case series of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, so the conclusions are mostly relevant to those patients who were sick enough to be hospitalized. January is national Thyroid Awareness Month, and this is typically the time of year when we review the basics of thyroid health and disease. 2018;9(6):7204-7218. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23208, Seldin MF. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Hashimotos most commonly affects older women, though it can strike either sex at any age. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. Common cold: Protect yourself and others. It's safe to say that including foods that contain healthy bacteria, such as yogurt with live cultures and fermented foods like kombucha and kimchi (Korean pickled vegetables) may be helpful for the immune system. A persons risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases as the number of underlying medical conditions they have increases. (2013). CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. She currently has a private practice inLafayette, California. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. The study found that having hypothyroidism and being on thyroid hormone replacement did not change rates of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or mortality relative to those who did not have hypothyroidism. It does this by producing white blood cells and antibodies that attack infectious organisms. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (lymphocytic thyroiditis). So, let's make sure that we're not just talking about a prescription or a test or nasal swab, that we're also talking about healthy behaviors.". Immunocompromised people can get the COVID-19 vaccine, but it may not be as effective in some people. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. The placement of a naso-gastric tube or a Dobhoff tube allows the same methimazole pill to be delivered to the gut (digestive system) in a patient who is unable to swallow. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Delays of six months or even longer do not appear to negatively affect the course of thyroid cancer in patients. There are a variety of supplements and herbal products that claim to support or improve the immune system. What are examples of autoimmune disorders? For example, some people inherit problems with their immune system. Patient-advocate Hayden is also doing all she can to educate the public about the severity of this situation and trying to equip people with facts. But the thyroids relationship to your metabolism is complicated. (2017). So, it's essential to make sure you receive adequate amounts of the vitamin. Role of inflammation in human fatigue: Relevance of multidimensional assessments and potential neuronal mechanisms. It can cause life threatening heart conditions, such as stroke. The syndrome, also known as euthyroid sick syndrome or low T3 syndrome, can occur during any acute illness. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. You cant stand the cold. Your body must convert T4 to T3 (triodothyroinine) to maintain your metabolism, and regulate your body temperature, heart and other vital organs. For example, some studies link alcohol addiction with suppressed immune systems. Its estimated that between 15-30% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients will have detectable new-onset thyroid dysfunction. Autoimmune conditions occur when the body's immune system attacks healthy tissue, causing dysfunction and damagein these But your doctor must check blood levels periodically to make sure thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels stay within mid-normal range (the goal: < 2.5). Get more information on physical activity and health, physical activity recommendations, how to become more active, and how to create activity-friendly communities: Pregnant and recently pregnant people (for at least 42 days following end of pregnancy) are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 compared with non-pregnant people. Hashimoto's disease affects more women than men. Autoimmune conditions occur when the body's immune system attacks healthy tissue, causing dysfunction and damagein these cases, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's disease, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease that damages the thyroid gland. A Guide for High-Risk Individuals, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, at-risk populations as defined by the CDC, 24 million Americans have an autoimmune disease, The American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, Don't Postpone These Types of Preventive Care Due to Coronavirus , 5 Reasons to Wear a Mask Even After You're Vaccinated | Kaiser , 5 Reasons to Wear a Mask Even After Youre Vaccinated - HealthyWomen , What does it mean to be immunocompromised? Should they quarantine at home if they have some of these symptoms? Other people have a weakened immune system because of a life-long condition. These treatments are frequently being rescheduled during the current COVID-19 pandemic, causing worry about these delays for patients scheduled to receive RAI. Because agranulocytosis with fever can represent a serious infection, the possibility should not be ignored. 6 Sore Throat Remedies That Actually Work. Having a substance use disorder (such as alcohol, opioid, or cocaine use disorder) can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. The immune system creates antibodies that attack thyroid cells as if they were bacteria, viruses or some other foreign body. What are common symptoms of autoimmune disease? Hyperthyrotoxicosis has also been reported in COVID-19 patients. CDC twenty four seven. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. In the case of Hashimotos thyroiditis, your immune system attacks your thyroid, which can cause inflammation and lead to an underactive thyroid gland. Immunocompromised people have a weaker immune system and have a harder time fighting infections. Certain medications can lead to you becoming immunocompromised. By Mary Shomon Weyand C, et al. J Autoimmun. PTU is relatively insoluble. And if you have, or are suspected to have, celiac disease, youll want to avoid gluten. You can be born with an autoimmune disease or develop it later in life. https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-function-tests/. WebHashimotos Thyroiditis (Autoimmune Thyroid Disease) A decrease in the thyroid glands hormone production leads to a condition called hypothyroidism; the most common cause for this is an autoimmune condition called Hashimotos Thyroiditis, in which the immune system attacks and damages the thyroid gland. Even taking them with orange juice or coffee can interfere with thyroid supplement absorption, she says. Some common thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism, and Graves' disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism, are autoimmune diseases. Ralli M, et al. Other, less common, causes of hypothyroidism include:. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. In cancer patients, being immunocompromised usually relates to the impairment of white blood cells, whether in number or function. (2015). However, the immune system is complex, and having autoimmune thyroid disease does not mean that a person is immunocompromised or will be unable to fight off a viral infection. An update on Addison's disease. Fill your plate at meals and snacks with fresh whole fruits and vegetables, including those that are being studied for their potential to directly augment the immune system, including garlic. As a result, some vaccines may be less effective for those who are immunocompromised. However, in up to 50% of subacute thyroiditis cases, patients can show signs of overt thyrotoxicosis. Doctors recommend eating one or two Brazil nuts per day rather than taking supplements to get your selenium. If youre immunocompromised, you may be at higher risk of getting severe COVID-19 disease. There are also medications that actively suppress the immune system, such as those used after an organ transplant. Having chronic liver diseasecan make you more likelyto get very sick from COVID-19. Neither of these entities are novel to COVID-19, and reasonable explanations for why they occur during COVID-19 infections exist. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), those with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes or lung disease are at higher risk for severe illness if they contract coronavirus. Limit saturated fats and sugars to no more than 10 percent of your total calories each day. I recently spoke with Lisa Kennedy Sheldon, Ph.D., chief clinical officer at the Oncology Nursing Society, and an oncology nurse practitioner, about the link between cancer treatments and immunosuppression. Other hormones and proteins also come into play. Sleep deprivation is associated with impairment of the immune system, while adequate sleep has been shown to help support immune system functioning. Recurrent infections may signal immunodeficiencies. Put together your COVID-19 plan so you have all the information you need on hand if you get sick with COVID-19. Autoimmune thyroid disorders can cause hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Some people who are immunocompromised (have a weakened immune system) are more likely to get sick with COVID-19 or be sick for a longer period. Having a previous diagnosis of thyroid cancer and receiving thyroid hormone medication is not a known risk factor for getting COVID-19 or being more severely affected by it. If you have one of these conditions, talk with your healthcare provider about how best to protect yourself from severe illness from COVID-19. I'm cooking, rather than getting take out, as having someone else handle my family's food even concerns me.". Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The American Heart Association recommends most people eat at least two 3.5 ounce servings per week. Check with your healthcare provider about safety precautions for office visits and ask about telemedicine or virtual healthcare appointment options. American Thyroid Association. Another theory is that infection by a virus or bacterium triggers the response. Thus far, there is no indication that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are at greater risk of getting COVID-19 or of being more severely affected should they acquire the COVID-19 infection. Thyroid follicular cells express the ACE2 receptor, thus making thyroid tissue a possible target of direct infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Osteoarthritis: Who Gets It and What You Can Do About It. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Because we are learning more about COVID-19 every day, this list, A person with a condition that is not listed may still be at greater risk of getting very sick from COVID-19 than other people who do not have the condition. Just diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Accessed Sept. 28, 2021. Symptoms may include an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), tiredness, weight gain, and muscle weakness. Aging of the immune system. The most important way to keep the immune system strong and balanced is to maintain a healthy lifestyle overall. Having chronic kidney disease of any stage can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Your Immune System. Natalie Hayden is an IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) patient advocate, who was diagnosed with Crohn's fifteen years ago, at age 21. NIOSH training for nurses on shift work and long work hours. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters human cells through the ACE2 receptor. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Such a high volume of publications makes it difficult to sort through and distill the COVID-19 related information. Sometimes that process involves the thyroid gland and affects its ability to make hormones. Some things that can weaken your immune system include: According to the CDC, if you have a weakened immune system, youre at higher risk of having severe outcomes or experiencing death due to illness. I'm glad the message is being heard. 2011;27(6):496-501. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834baa4d, Sellami M, Gasmi M, Denham J, et al. The onset of disease may be related to: The following factors are associated with an increased risk of Hashimoto's disease: Thyroid hormones are essential for the healthy function of many body systems. A person with any of the medical conditions listed below is more likely to get very sick with COVID-19. When this happens, the body may produce an autoimmune response, attacking healthy cells in the body. It's difficult to get reliable numbers on how many people are immunocompromised. (2021). Being immunocompromised means that you have a weakened immune system that may have trouble protecting you from things like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. And in patients with blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma, the immune Other people have to use certain types of medicines for a long time, like corticosteroids, that weaken their immune system. The risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases sharply with higher BMI. Routine measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination. Having tuberculosis (TB) can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. As of January 26, 2023, EVUSHELDTM is not currently authorized for emergency use because it is unlikely to be active against the majority of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advises that people who are immunocompromised are at higher-risk of severe illness from COVID-19. In an email to HealthyWomen, Hayden gave me an example of the danger faced by immunocompromised people every day. Prevention & control general public. Use of certain psychiatric, heart, cancer or rheumatologic medications. One helpful source is a website called LitCovid. Compound in broccoli has immune boosting properties, finds new study. The peak of publication frequency occurred in August 2020, when there were 4,309 COVID-19 related publications in just one week. Do autoimmune conditions cause a weakened immune system? Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland. All rights reserved. APS is an autoimmune disorder that makes your blood clot easily. Thyroid hormone treatment. Luca F, et al. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. WebHashimotos disease is an autoimmune disorder that can cause hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. If we combine this information with your protected This happens in the case of autoimmune disorders. There's much to be learned about this complex relationship, particularly as it might apply to preventing and treating specific diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid disease. (2019). It is an autoimmune disease. Most scientists agree it isn't possible to "boost" the immune system, largely because it has many moving parts that must work together. (2020). "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. While the causes aren't fully understood, experts now believe that a mix of genetic and environmental factors influence lupus. The disease usually results in a decline in hormone production (hypothyroidism). As fever and signs of illness can also overlap with the symptoms of COVID-19 infection, many patients who happen to also be taking methimazole may be concerned that they have become infected with COVID-19. Having mood disorders, including depression, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders can make you more likelyto get very sick from COVID-19. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Di Pasquale M, et al. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder. WebHashimoto's thyroiditis can cause your thyroid to not make enough thyroid hormone. Medications that weaken your immune system and fungal infections.(2020). In the United States, Hashimotos is the top cause of hypothyroidism, or shrinking production of thyroid hormone. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. You may need to take thyroid supplements, even if your TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels are normal.. (2022). Accessed Sept. 28, 2021. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. I worry for my sister, who has ulcerative colitis, and others who are immunocompromised in some way. Heres what may be causing it and what you can do. So what exactly does it mean to be immunosuppressed and who falls in that category? Front Immunol. It is well-documented that COVID-19 can cause the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus it stands to reason that non-thyroidal illness syndrome can be caused by COVID-19 infection. In the case of an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks otherwise healthy tissues. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. While it's unlikely that the immune system will take a hit after a single anxiety-provoking situation or event, scientists looking at the relationship between stress and immunity note that chronic stress may take a toll on the immune system over time. If you or your family member are at high risk for severe illness, wear a mask or respirator with greater protection in public indoor spaces if you are in an area with a high COVID-19 Community Level. Can High Blood Pressure Make You Feel Tired? Theres no cure for Nijmegen breakage syndrome, but its complications can be treated. Providers taking care of patients with critical illnesses will be able to determine the best approach for making sure that a patient with hyperthyroidism continues to receive treatment as needed. Your email address will not be published. It is eight times more common in women, but affects men and children, too. Make a donation. They should avoid contact with people who have an illness such as the flu or coronavirus. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. This is an attempt to make some clinically relevant observations from this information. Avoiding refined sugar will be helpful, as eating sugar can often contribute to fatigue, says Dr. Kellis. This may include getting vaccinated and forming healthy lifestyle habits. (2020). What Is Werner Syndrome, and How Does It Cause Premature Aging? It affects various parts of the body, such as skin, eyes, hair, and. As a resource from Harvard Medical School explains: "It's especially complicated because there are so many different kinds of cells in the immune system that respond to so many different microbes in so many ways.". Thyroid function tests. Approved and authorized COVID-19 vaccines (primary series and booster) are, Require a ventilator to help them breathe. Rarely, the disease can cause hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. Hashimotos disease: The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States, Hashimotos disease, can lead to high cholesterol, heart problems, and pregnancy complications. Still other health conditions may weaken the immune systems. In addition, some herbs and supplements may interfere with the medical management of your condition as well as your thyroid function. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the, The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. (2019). Because these symptoms could result from any number of disorders, it's important to see your health care provider as soon as possible for a timely and accurate diagnosis. Effectiveness of face mask or respirator use in indoor public settings for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. Other smaller studies on this topic seem to corroborate these findings. The bow-tie-shaped thyroid gland, at the base of your throat, secretes a hormone called T4 (thyroxine). There are two types of thyroid dysfunction that seem to be clearly related to COVID-19 infection: hypothyroidism due to non-thyroidal illness syndrome and thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) due to subacute (viral) thyroiditis. "If you have an immunocompromised condition, you already have that stress and you're worried about yourself in this, and then we have this pandemic anxiety that's everywhere. Some common thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism, and Graves'disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism, are autoimmune diseases. General information for people with weakened immune systems. The next relevant question is whether COVID-19 infection has any effect on the thyroid gland. (2020). (2022). information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. It occurs when your body makes antibodies that attack the cells in your thyroid. people from racial and ethnic minority groups, chronic health conditions, live in shared group (also called congregate) settings, and face more barriers in accessing health care, COVID-19: What People with Cancer Should Know National Cancer Institute, National Kidney Foundation: Kidney disease and COVID-19, American Liver Foundation: Your Liver & COVID-19, American Lung Association: Controlling Chronic Lung Diseases Amid COVID-19, CF and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (cff.org), Alzheimers Association: COVID-19, Alzheimers and Dementia, American Diabetes Association: How COVID-19 Impacts People with Diabetes, People with any type of disability that makes it more difficult to do certain activities or interact with the world around them, including people who need help with self-care or daily activities, People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), People with intellectual and developmental disabilities, NHLBI Information & Resources on COVID-19, Interim Guidance for COVID-19 and Persons with HIV, Types of Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Shareable Resources on Coping with COVID-19, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Depression, Obesity Action Coalition: COVID-19 and Obesity, National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability Building Healthy Inclusive Communities, Toolkit for Pregnant People and New Parents, Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 during Pregnancy, COVID-19 Resources for Transplant Community, COVID19 Stroke Podcast Series for Patients and Caregivers, How to Recognize a Substance Use Disorder, contact your state, tribal, local, or territorial health department, Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines, avoid possible sickle cell disease triggers, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), International Travel to and from the United States, Requirement for Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination for Air Passengers, Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Documentation of Recovery from COVID-19 for Air Passengers Traveling to the United States from China, Hong Kong, or Macau, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.

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