Who was Isaiah in the Bible Nothing is known concerning the prophet Habakkuk beyond his name. In Jeremiah, we see evidence of God elevating humble men like Jeremiah to become leaders precisely when they are needed. When Manasseh came to the throne as sole ruler upon his fathers death, approximately in 686, he lost little time in removing the faithful seer. For two of them (Joel and Obadiah), however, no conclusive evidence as to the time of their work exists, and scholars differ widely in their views concerning this matter. From the visible their minds were to be directed to the invisible, from the seen to the unseen, from the material to the spiritual, from the temporal to the eternal. Furthermore, Old Testament prophecy must first be examined in terms of its historical application to literal Israel before the validity of a derived application to spiritual Israel may be undertaken. Yet not The futurist school of interpretation contends that the many promises of restoration and world leadership made to ancient Israel are yet to be fulfilled in connection with the establishment of the modern state of Israel in Palestine. If the nation had been faithful to its trust and had appreciated the high destiny reserved for it by God, the whole earth would have awaited the coming of the Messiah with eager expectancy. Hearing of all the advantages with which the God of Israel had blessed His people and all the prosperity He had procured for them (Jeremiah 33:9), the pagan nations would admit that their own fathers had inherited lies (chapter 16:19). Isaiah 3:12; 9:16) meant the permanent, irrevocable cancellation of their special standing before God as a nation (cf. His presence is here, worship with us at Summer Ramp now! Malachi 3:12), and their God the only true God (Isaiah 45:14). On the other hand, the destruction of Nineveh is described as an event still future (chapter 3:7). Nahum is called the Elkoshite (chapter 1:1), but Elkosh is unknown as a place name, although commentators have tried to identify it with Elkesi in northern Galilee, Alkush near Mosul, and a town near Eleutheropolis in Judah. For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. Because I find it hard to think about BC dates, I've also included the number of years since the end of Solomon's, so that we have a scale of increasing year numbers. ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. These observations seem to place Zephaniah in the early years of Josiahs reign, perhaps about 630 B.C., as a contemporary of Habakkuk. WebIn Isaiah, we read about God's unbroken relationship with His people both the promise and its fulfillment in an ongoing pattern that's visible throughout history. Numbers 14:26-34. The Assyrian capital city of Nineveh was captured and destroyed by the combined forces of Media and Babylonia in 612 B.C., which is, accordingly, the latest possible date for Nahum. Those in Israel who put forth their best efforts to cooperate with the revealed will of God realized, personally, a measure of the benefits He had promised. Furthermore, the repeated mention of Judahs wickedness, described as enormous in his day (see chapters 1:4-6, 8, 9, 12; 3:1-3, 7), points to the time before Josiahs reform, which began in 623/22. It was last of all that God sent unto them his son, according to Christs own words (Matthew 21:37), but they caught him and slew him (verse 39). It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. WebLast time you checked the cover of your family Bible, it probably didnt say The Bible, by God. since nearly all are named and credit given to a specific writer: the book of Isaiah to Isaiah, the books of Jeremiah and Lamentations to Jeremiah, the book of Ezekiel to Ezekiel, and so on. answer. In one way or another each of these attempts at interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets neglects significant teachings of Scripture, evades fundamental principles of exegesis, and provides a distorted picture of the predictive sections of prophecy. They interpreted prophecy in accordance with their selfish desires, because their ambitious hopes were fixed on worldly greatness. Then Gabriel came to reassure him of the restoration of his people and the eventual coming of the Messiah (verses 24, 25). See Deuteronomy 7:13; 28:2-8; Malachi 3:8-11. Nehemiah 13:10-12; Malachi 2:11-16; cf. Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). In other words, they prophesied and ministered about the same time. All Israel consists of both Jews and Gentiles, thus all Israel shall be saved (Romans 11:25, 26). After Jerusalems fall in 586, Nebuchadnezzar allowed Jeremiah to stay with the remnant of his people who were left in the country (chapter 40:1-6). But he will listen also for the further import the prophets words may have for later times, particularly, our time. Those who think that chapter 52 was added as an inspired postscript by Jeremiahs secretary or one of his disciples, believe that he died some 20 years earlier, about 580 B.C. There is no surer protection against the speculative vagaries of religious visionaries than a clear knowledge of the historical context of Scripture. Another reason to trust God is there is nothing too complicated for Him. Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. By Which king? His early ministry seems to have coincided with the last years of King Uzziahs reign (see Introduction to Isaiah), but his official call to the office of a prophet came in 740/39, the last year of King Uzziah (chapter 6:1). Instead of becoming light bearers to the world they absorbed its darkness and reflected that darkness instead. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. Jeremiah Then, two months later, the latter died, doubtless unexpectedly; it was the same month when there would have been a septennial reading of the law of Deuteronomy.11 Did Isaiah These repeated Messianic predictions were designed to lift the eyes of the people from the transitory events of their own time to the coming of Messiah and the establishment of His eternal kingdom, in order to afford them a view of the things of time in the light of eternity. Isaiah is reminded who the real king is. After the great final call to the world to acknowledge the true God, those who persisted in refusing allegiance to Him would unite together with the evil thought of laying siege to the city of Jerusalem and taking it by force of arms, in order to appropriate to themselves the material advantages with which God had blessed His people (Ezekiel 38:8-12; Jeremiah 25:32; Joel 3:1, 12; Zechariah 12:2-9; 14:2; cf. But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). Aha was used as an expression of malicious joy. Although no chronological data are found in the book, certain statements permit a comparatively exact dating of Habakkuks prophecies. WebIsaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations 82 cards. It is ever the privilege of those who witness the fulfillment of prophecy to remember and believe (John 13:19; 14:29; John 16:4). Chronologically, Isaiah lived during a time just after the northern 10 tribes of Israel were destroyed by the Assyrians. They forgot that God abhors a multiplication of the forms of religion (Isaiah 1:11-18; Hosea 6:6; Micah 6:7; Malachi 2:13), and asks of man nothing but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with his God (Micah 6:8; cf. By divine appointment the sacred writings were preserved, century after century, and Israel became their custodian (Amos 3:7; Romans 3:1, 2). Minor Prophets in the Bible: Amos Its people were given no promise of complete restoration to their former power in Palestine. Rabbinic tradition has it that Isaiah's father, Amoz (not the same as Amos the prophet), was a brother of King Amaziah. Formal worship took the place of sincere religion (cf. They would have no part in all that Christ stood for (see on Matthew 3:2, 3; Mark 3:14). New King James Version Only when its leaders formally rejected the Messiah and declared before Pilate their allegiance to no king but Caesar (John 19:15) did Israel as a nation irrevocably withdraw from the covenant relationship and the theocracy. The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. Peter concurs, saying, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons, for in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him (Acts 10:34, 35; cf. did According to tradition, how was Isaiah killed? But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. Jeremiah 49:14, 16), and Joel (Obadiah 15, 17; cf. All men would recognize that Israel stood in a special relationship to the God of heaven (Deuteronomy 7:6-14; 28:10; Jeremiah 16:20, 21). Examine the prophecy in its entirety. (2 Chron. Technical know-how would render products made in Israel superior to all others. When the Jews rejected Christ as the Messiah, God in turn rejected them and commissioned the Christian church as His chosen instrument for the salvation of the world (Matthew 28:19, 20; 2 Corinthians 5:18-20; 1 Peter 2:9, 10; etc.). WebJeremiah 15:1 Then the LORD said to me: "Even if Moses and Samuel should stand before Me, My heart would not go out to this people. This period spanned the reigns of five kings of Judah: Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah. Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. 1:1, 6:1 - 8). Zechariah probably belonged to a priestly family (chapter 1:1; cf. However, the chronological data given by Micah are against such an identification and show that a century or more lies between the two men. The promises and threatenings of God are alike conditional. Enigmatic is his statement that this 5th year of captivity was also the thirtieth year. It is believed that the prophet refers either to his own age or to that year as the 30th year reckoned from the reform which took place during the 18th year of Josiah. The remaining messages and prophecies, found in chapters 9-14, are not dated, a fact that prevents us from fixing the duration of the prophets activity. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel What Is the Significance of the Interjection Aha? The older generation place him in the 9th century B.C., whereas most commentators are now inclined to assign him either to the time of King Josiah or to the postexilic period. When Messiah came, His own people, the Jews, received him not (John 1:11). Without this, the people of Israel would not qualify to receive the material blessings God designed to bestow upon them. Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. It is certain, however, that he lived and labored in the southern kingdom, and that his main prophecy dealt with Assyria in general and Nineveh in particular. The exposition of Scripture attempted by proponents of the British-Israel theory consists of an admixture of selected Bible passages with legend, folk tales, and speculation. Accordingly, the covenant promises and privileges were all permanently transferred from literal to spiritual Israel (Romans 9:4; cf. Jeremiah Four eminent Hebrew prophets addressed themselves to the people of Israel and Judah in the latter half of the 8th pre-Christian century: Amos, Hosea, Micah, and Isaiah. The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). This chart shows only those events that are mentioned in the Bible and that are of importance to an understanding of the prophetic messages. Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. Those nations that rejected the worship and service of the true God, were to be dispossessed, and Israel would inherit the Gentiles chapter (54:3). JEREMIAH Pride obscured their vision [see Luke 19:42]. Though the prophet looked at events about him, he also could see far beyond his own day. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. Since no conclusive evidence for any of these three views exists, all are presented here: 1. A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. But because of apostasy it was the predictions of national honor and glory that could not be fulfilled. Jeremiah (Yirmiyahu) It was Jeremiahs lot in life to be known throughout the ages as the prophet of doom, for he was G-ds main spokesman in the generation of the destruction of Jerusalems first Temple. However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. Literal Jews may still find salvation by being grafted into spiritual Israel, in precisely the same way that Gentiles are to be grafted in (verses 23, 24). Isaiah Shortly after this event he once more rose to a high position of honor and responsibility in the newly formed Persian Empire (chapter 6). When the catastrophe came, he lamented the terrible fate of his people in the Book of Eichah (Lamentations) which we read on Tisha B'Av. Isaiah and Jeremiah He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. They devised different theologies to respond to the destruction of the Temple. In the 5th year of Jehoiachins captivity, 593/92, Ezekiel had his first vision by the river Chebar, a canal near the famous city of Nippur in lower Babylonia (chapter 1:1-3). EZEKIEL is born Josiah tries to purify the land 612 Ninevah destroyed according to Nahum's prophecy in the Book of Nahum 1:1-3:19 as prophecied in 663-654BC. God was to be glorified in Israel (Isaiah 49:3) and its people were to be His witnesses (chapters 43:10; 44:8), to reveal to men the principles of His kingdom. It is possible that Hebrews 11:37 refers to this event. The earth would thus be rid of those who opposed God (Zechariah 14:12, 13). In Egypt, Jeremiah raised his voice against the idolatries the Jews practiced there (chapters 43; 44). For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. Obadiahs prophecy, directed against Edom, presupposes that a looting of Jerusalem and a carrying away of many Jews into captivity had recently taken place. Jeremiah 32:17 highlights this point by stating, "O Sovereign Lord! 3:5). All who turned from idolatry to the worship of the true God, were to unite themselves with His chosen people. Ambassadors from one foreign country after another would come to discover, if they might, the great secret of Israels success as a nation, and its leaders would have the opportunity of directing the minds of their visitors to the Source of all good things. Thus it was also with Samuel, Elijah, John the Baptist (see on Matthew 3:4), John the Beloved (see on Mark 3:17), and many others. Gedaliah is made governor over the small group of Jews that remain in Jerusalem. The last part of the lecture turns to Second Isaiah and the famous servant songs that find a universal significance in Uzziah was sole king over Judah from 767 to 750, and Jeroboam over Israel from 782 to 753. For a graphic picture of how one nation would have responded to the irresistible appeal radiating from an Israel faithful to God, see Isaiah 19:18-22; cf. Acts 13:22). God provided Israel with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the earth. Nevertheless, Isaiah believed that Judah was Gods chosen nation and they would be vindicated by God. But Judah failed to learn the lesson, and a little more than a century later her apostasy, also, was complete (see Jeremiah 22:6, 8, 9; Ezekiel 16:37; 7:2-15; 12:3-28; 36:18-23). Along with his contemporary, the prophet Micah, Isaiah served the southern kingdom of Judah under the reigns of four kings. The sanctuary became Gods dwelling place among them (see Exodus 25:8), its priests were ordained to minister before Him (Hebrews 5:1; 8:3), its services provided an object lesson of the plan of salvation and prefigured the coming of the Messiah (1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 2:16, 17; Hebrews 9:1-10; 10:1-12). Jodi T. Religion. So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. Discover what application later inspired writers make of the prophecy, and on this basis determine its possible significance for Gods people in this time. The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). In these tragic events the words of Moses met their final and complete fulfillment: As the Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the Lord will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goes to possess it. Post Exile c. 530 BC First view (and traditional one) is that Daniel was written immediately after the Babylonian exile ended and many Jews returned to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple. JEREMIAH Yet the book contains no clear indication of the time in which the prophet lived. However, he is again found playing a role on the night of Babylons fall, as interpreter of the mysterious handwriting on the wall (chapter 5). Micah was a prophet from Moresheth-gath (chapter 1:1, 14), probably Tell ejJudeideh in southwestern Judah. Hosea. The glorious promises originally made to literal Israel are meeting their fulfillment today in the proclamation of the gospel to all men (Revelation 14:6, 7). Strangely, no evidence suggests that any of these knew in person any of the others. Under Nebuchadnezzars successors Daniels service seems not to have been desired. WebBefore we begin our review of the parts of Jeremiahs early ministry, let us first set out the usual and customary picture of it.
did isaiah and jeremiah live at the same time
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